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ear
Part of the auditory and vestibular systems, it detects sound and helps to maintain balance. It is composed of three main parts: the outer ear (pinna, ear canal, surface of ear drum), middle ear, and inner ear (cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals). ►click here to learn more-link provided by: www.peteducation.com
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ectoderm
The outermost of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which ultimately develops into the nervous system (neuroectoderm).
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edema
The presence of extra amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue space; swelling. It may be localized due to venous or lymphatic obstruction or increased vascular permeability or it could be systemic due to heart failure or kidney disease.
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efferent
Pathway originating from the central nervous system toward the peripheral end organs, i.e., away from one structure, towards another.
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electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG)
A medical instrument used to assess cardiac function by measuring the electrical activity of the heart. With each heartbeat, an electrical signal spreads from the top of the heart to the bottom. As it travels, the signal causes the heart to contract and pump blood and sets the rhythm of the heartbeat. The process repeats with each new heartbeat. ECG detects these signals with electrodes that are placed on the body. It shows how fast the heart is beating, whether the rhythm of the heartbeat is steady or irregular, and the strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass through each part of the heart.
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electrodiagnostics
Medical techniques used to record responses to electrical stimulation; used to diagnose and evaluate conditions affecting the neuromuscular, muscular, or nervous systems.
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electroencephalography (EEG)
The recording of the electrical potentials emanating spontaneously from nerve cells in the brain.
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electromagnetic (EM) radiation
A self-propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation, and are in phase with each other. Electromagnetic radiation is classified into types according to the frequency of the wave. These types include, in order of increasing frequency: radio waves, microwaves, terahertz radiation, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. EM radiation carries energy and momentum, which may be imparted when it interacts with matter. The waves with the higher frequency have shorter wavelengths and higher energy.
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electromyography (EMG)
The recording of the electrical activity in skeletal muscle.
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embolus
A clot or other type of material (e.g. air, tumor cells, bacteria) carried by the blood in a blood vessel and forced into a smaller blood vessel resulting in an obstruction in circulation.
►click here to learn more-link provided by: www.merckvetmanual.com
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encephalomyelitis
Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
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encephalopathy
Any disease of the brain.
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endothelium
The layer of epithelial cells that lines internal body structures such as the heart cavities, blood and lymph vessels, and some glands.
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enhancement
An increased ability to see certain tissues after the injection of contrast material in the blood stream during imaging procedures, e.g. X-ray, CT or MRI.
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enophthalmos
Posterior displacement of the eyeball into the bony orbit.
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epilepsy
Chronic brain disorder of various etiologies (i.e. causes or origins of the disease) characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures.
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epinephrine
A hormone synthesized in the adrenal medulla and released into the bloodstream during fight-or-flight response: stimulates muscle contraction of arteries and capillaries, increases blood pressure, stimulates the heart muscle, accelerates the heart rate, and increases cardiac output; also called adrenaline.
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epiphysis cerebri
See pineal gland.
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epithelium
The covering of internal and external surfaces of the body including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. One of the 4 primary tissues (connective, muscular, and nerve) of the body and grouped into 3 types (squamous, cuboidal and columnar).
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evoked potentials
Procedures which record the brain’s activity in response to the stimulation of specific sensory pathways (e.g. auditory, visual, general sensory).
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